Advanced Ultrasound in Diagnosis and Therapy ›› 2024, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (4): 149-158.doi: 10.37015/AUDT.2024.240063
• Review Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
Zhang Xina,b,c,1, Yang Yuna,b,c,1, Zhang Ruizea,b,c, Zhang Linyuea,b,c, Xie Yujia,b,c, Wu Wenqiana,b,c, Zhang Jinga,b,c, Lv Qinga,b,c, Wang Jinga,b,c,*(
), Xie Mingxinga,b,c,*()
Received:2024-10-13
Accepted:2024-12-02
Online:2024-12-30
Published:2024-11-12
Contact:
Wang Jing, Xie Mingxing,
E-mail:jingwang2004@hust.edu.cn;xiemx@hust.edu.cn
About author:First author contact:1 Xin Zhang and Yun Yang contributed equally to this work.
Zhang Xin, Yang Yun, Zhang Ruize, Zhang Linyue, Xie Yuji, Wu Wenqian, Zhang Jing, Lv Qing, Wang Jing, Xie Mingxing. Noninvasive Evaluation of Left Ventricular-Arterial Coupling: Methodologies and Clinical Relevance. Advanced Ultrasound in Diagnosis and Therapy, 2024, 8(4): 149-158.
Figure 1
Parameters Required for Measurement in Chen’s Method. (A, B) The left ventricular outflow tract diameter (DLVOT) and the velocity time integral of the LVOT (VTILVOT) were measured to calculate stroke volume (SV). (C) The blood flow spectrum of the LVOT was collected to measure the pre-ejection period (tpre) and ejection time (teje), and their ratio (tNd) was calculated. (D, E) Apical four-chamber and two-chamber views were obtained, and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated using the Simpson's biplane method. (F) Left ventricular systolic (SBP) and diastolic pressures (DBP) were measured using an electronic sphygmomanometer. Finally, the parameters were utilized to calculate effective arterial compliance (Ea, Ea= SBP×0.9/SV), end-systolic elastance (Ees), and Ea/Ees."
Figure 2
Analysis of echocardiographic myocardial work. (A) Speckle tracking imaging was utilized to analyze the apical four-chamber, two-chamber, and three-chamber echocardiograms in order to obtain the overall longitudinal strain curve of the left ventricle. (B) The apical three-chamber view was employed to determine the timing of the opening and closing of the aortic and mitral valves. Subsequently, valvular timings and non-invasive cuff blood pressure measurements were incorporated with the standard pressure curve built into the software to non-invasively derive the left ventricular pressure curve for specific patients. (C) A pressure-strain loop was constructed with strain on the x-axis and left ventricular systolic pressure on the y-axis to analyze parameters related to myocardial work."
Figure 3
Analysis of the ratio between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and global longitudinal strain (GLS). (A) Blood flow spectrum obtained near the bifurcation of the carotid artery; the time interval between the peak of the ECG R wave and the onset of the carotid artery systolic blood flow spectrum is measured (t1). (B) Blood flow spectrum obtained near the bifurcation of the femoral artery; the time interval between the peak of the ECG R wave and the onset of the femoral artery systolic blood flow spectrum is measured (t2). The distance between the Doppler blood flow spectrum acquisition points of the carotid artery and femoral artery is also measured (dc-f). (C) Assessment of GLS of the left ventricle using speckle tracking imaging. (D) PWV and the PWV/GLS ratio can be calculated using the formula."
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