Figure 1

Baseline GrayScale US of the prostate obtaining 3D measurements and systematic biopsy. (A) Transverse diameter; (B) Anteroposterior and sagittal diameters; (C) Core biopsy needle marks."

Figure 2

The historical evolution of the histological division of the prostate. (A) The three main methods of dividing the prostate are presented by time, researchers, and core perspectives; (B) Abridged general view of Lowsley’s five-lobe method of prostate dissection; (C) Abridged general view of Franks’ prostate hormone sensitivity dichotomy; (D) Abridged general view of McNeal’s prostate zones theory.. This figure has been reproduced from [Yu et al., Differences in the pathogenetic characteristics of prostate cancer in the transitional and peripheral zones and the possible molecular biological mechanisms, Frontier in Oncology, 2023, Volume 13] under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)."

Figure 3

Comparison of GrayScale (GS), Color Doppler Imaging (CDI), and Power Doppler Imaging (PDI) modes. Regions of Interest (ROIs) indicate a suspicious increase in blood flow to the left base of the prostate. (A) GS, inconclusive; (B) CDI, shows increased flow to the left base of the gland; (C) PDI, confirms increased flow to the left base of the gland."

Figure 4

Representative image of dual mode (A) GrayScale and (B) CEUS of a 68-year-old man with PSA of 16.2 ng/ml. (Arrow) points to faster contrast uptake noted in the left base of the prostate with regular uptake to the rest of the prostate."

Figure 5

Representative image of dual mode (A) GrayScale and (B) Flash Replenishment Imaging. ROI on flash mode shows irregular vascular pattern and increased contrast uptake in the left base of the prostate compared to the corresponding region in the right base of the gland. ROI, region of interest."

Figure 6

representative figure of dual mode imaging for an 80-year-old man with a focal lesion with hypoechogenicity and elevated stiffness on shear wave elastography. (A) After acquisition of shear wave elastography images, region of interest was placed at and around focal lesion with hypoechogenicity compared with surrounding prostate gland. After three region of interest measurements, mean S and R were 191.2 kPa and 11.2, respectively; (B) Dotted line shows needle guide for real-time biopsy targeted at focal lesion which was confirmed as prostate cancer with Gleason score of 7 at pathology. This figure has been reproduced from [Woo et al., Shear Wave Elastography for Detection of Prostate Cancer, Korean Journal of Radiology, 2015, Volume 15, Pages 346-355] under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (CC BY NC 3.0)."

Figure 7

Image plane example, showing the B-mode (A), Young’s modulus (SWE) (B), Péclet number (C), spatiotemporal correlation (D), dispersion-related parameter (E), wash-in time (F), velocity (G), velocity relative to image median (H), 2-mm entropy of velocity (I), and resulting multiparametric map (G). In each map, the prostate and zonal segmentations are depicted in white, the calcifications are encircled in blue, and histopathologically confirmed malignant and benign ROIs are indicated in red and green, respectively. B-mode, brightness mode; SWE, shear wave elastography; ROIs, regions of interest. This figure has been reproduced from [Wildeboer et al., Automated multiparametric localization of prostate cancer based on B-mode, shear-wave elastography, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound radiomics, European Radiology, 2019, Volume 30, Pages 806-815] under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License."