ADVANCED ULTRASOUND IN DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY >
Evaluation of Atherosclerosis Development by Vascular Duplex Ultrasonography in ApoE-deficient Dogs Fed with a High-fat Diet
Received date: 2023-08-18
Accepted date: 2024-03-27
Online published: 2024-07-01
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient dogs fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) using vascular duplex ultrasonography (VDU).
Methods Thirty beagle dogs were enrolled, including 10 wild-type, 16 heterozygous (ApoE-/+), and four homozygous (ApoE-/-) mutant dogs. The dogs were categorized into either the normal diet (ND) or HFD group. Plasma lipids levles were tested at baseline and then after feeding the dog a different diet for 6 months. The carotid arteries, abdominal aorta (AO) and iliac arteries were examined using VDU. Artery sections of the ApoE-/- dogs were analyzed.
Results After HFD, lipids especially triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the wild type and ApoE-/+ dogs were significantly increased. Both the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA) and AO in the wild type and ApoE-/+ dogs significantly increased. In the ApoE-/+ dogs, the mean percentages increases in CCA-IMT and AO-IMT after HFD were higher than those in the ND dogs. The mean values of CCA-IMT and AO-IMT in the ApoE-/-dogs increased to 2-2.5 folds after HFD. Histological analysis confirmed that the carotid and iliac arteries had advanced atherosclerotic lesions in the ApoE-/- dogs.
Conclusions HFD may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient dogs, which is an optimal large-animal model of atherosclerosis.
Key words: Atherosclerosis; ApoE-deficient dogs; Animal model; High-fat diet; Ultrasound
Lingyun Jia, MD, PhD , Yuan Li, PhD , Yang Hua, MD , Yumei Liu, MD , Nan Zhang, MD , Mingjie Gao, MD , Ke Zhang, MD , Jingzhi Li, MD , Benchi Chen, BS , Jidong Mi, MS , Nan Zhao, PhD . Evaluation of Atherosclerosis Development by Vascular Duplex Ultrasonography in ApoE-deficient Dogs Fed with a High-fat Diet[J]. ADVANCED ULTRASOUND IN DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY, 2024 , 8(2) : 49 -56 . DOI: 10.37015/AUDT.2024.230037
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