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Advanced Ultrasound in Diagnosis and Therapy ›› 2024, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (3): 130-134.doi: 10.37015/AUDT.2023.230056

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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-28 修回日期:2024-01-25 接受日期:2024-03-20 出版日期:2024-09-30 发布日期:2024-10-16

Does Covid-19 Cause An Increase in Spleen Dimensions? Ultrasonography Study in People with Recent History of COVID-19 Infection and Healthy Participants

Syed Muhammad Yousaf Farooq, PhDa,*(), Syed Amir Gilani, PhDa, Rabia Ejaz, BSb, Sheeza Fatima, BSb, Sarosh Imran, BSb, Aleeza Naseer, BSb   

  1. aRadiography and Imaging Technology, Green International University, Lahore, Pakistan
    bUniversity Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Received:2023-11-28 Revised:2024-01-25 Accepted:2024-03-20 Online:2024-09-30 Published:2024-10-16
  • Contact: *Radiography and Imaging Technology, Green International University, Lahore, Pakistan e-mail: Yousafgelani@gmail.com

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Abstract:

Objective: To determine whether COVID-19 causes an increase in spleen dimensions in individuals with a recent history of COVID-19 infection.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted at the Radiology Department of the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital and Sehat Medical Complex, both in Lahore. The study sample comprised 384 individuals, selected using a convenience sampling technique. Participants included individuals of all age groups and both genders; however, those under 18 were excluded due to the potential for incomplete spleen maturation. Other exclusion criteria included a history of splenectomy, the presence of traumatic or non-traumatic splenic lesions, or any other splenic abnormalities. Data collection commenced after obtaining approval from the Research Ethics Committee at the University of Lahore. The Siemens Sonovista c3000 Grey Scale Ultrasound Machine was used, and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.

Results: In a study involving 384 participants, the mean age was 35.7 ± 6.14, ranging from 22 to 50 years. Of these, 296 (71.1%) were female, and 88 (22.9%) were male. Echogenicity varied, with 29 participants (7.6%) exhibiting heterogeneous echogenicity and 355 (92.4%) showing homogeneous echogenicity. Spleen margins were irregular in 67 participants (17.4%) and smooth in 317 participants (82.6%). Regarding the history of Covid-19, 188 participants (49%) tested negative, while 196 participants (51%) tested positive.

Conclusion: Patients with a history of COVID-19 exhibited a significant increase in spleen length, volume, and thickness.

Key words: COVID-19, Spleen, Spleen dimensions, SARS-CoV-2, Pandemics

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Item COVID-19 P value
History of COVID 19 infection (n = 196) Healthy participants (n = 188)
Age (years) 35.5 ± 6.44 35.9 ± 5.8 0.607
Male 49 (55.7%) 39 (44.3%) 0.192
Female 147 (49.7%) 149 (50.3%)
Diabetes 78 (49.1%) 81 (50.9%) 0.291
Hypertension 51 (53.70%) 44 (46.30%) 0.317
Chronic kidney disease 16 (80.0%) 4 (20.0%) 0.006
Cardiac disease 19 (50.0%) 19 (50.0%) 0.514

"

Item COVID-19 P value
History of COVID 19 infection (n = 196) Healthy participants (n = 188)
Margins Irregular 67 (34.2%) 0 (0%) < 0.001
Smooth 129 (65.8%) 188 (100%)
Echogenicity Heterogeneous 29 (14.8%) 0 (0%) < 0.001
Homogeneous 167 (85.2%) 188 (100%)

"

Spleen dimensions Items n Mean Std. Deviation t value P value
Length (cm) COVID-19 196 10.33 1.99 4.00 0.000
Control 188 9.67 1.06
Volume (cm3) COVID-19 196 192.47 336.05 2.47 0.014
Control 188 131.51 28.44
Thickness (cm) COVID-19 196 4.14 0.73 3.06 0.002
Control 188 3.94 0.51
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